Associação da hipertensão arterial com o estilo de vida e presença de transtorno mental comum em profissionais de enfermagem

Abstract

Introduction: To better meet the care demands of the sick person, nursing professionals need to constantly improve their technical skills and affective skills. The adoption of a healthy lifestyle, inside and outside the work environment, are important conditions to avoid the development of chronic diseases. General Objective: To verify the association of hypertension with lifestyle, presence of common mental disorder in nursing professionals. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional association study with nursing professionals who worked in two public hospitals in the city of Manaus. The data collection period was carried out from January to March 2020 in the first unit and in the second unit from January to July 2020. The sample was representative, considering the shift and professional category involved. Data collection consisted of the application of an instrument composed of sociodemographic variables and personal and family history of cardiovascular health and validated questionnaires called: "International Physical Activity Questionnaire - IPAQ" to verify the level of physical activity, "Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test - AUDIT ” to assess alcohol consumption; and “Self – Reporting Questionnaire 20” for common mental disorder screening. In addition, a casual measurement of systemic blood pressure was performed in order to obtain the prevalence of high blood pressure and/or self-reported hypertension, as well as its relationship with the other variables investigated in the group of professionals. Data were tabulated in the excel 2016 program and the analysis performed using descriptive and inferential statistics. A 95% confidence interval was adopted as a measure of precision to identify variables considered to be a risk or protective factor for hypertension. Results: the prevalence of hypertension among 394 nursing professionals was 22.8%. Among the variables associated with hypertension, the following stand out: age [OR=1.08 (95% CI 1.05-1.12); p<0.001]; number of children [OR=1.22 (95% CI 1.01-1.49); p=0.042]; nursing assistant [OR=5.02 (95% CI 1.91-13.78); p=0.001]; health care sector [OR=0.35 (95% CI 0.16-0.79); p=0.008]; using urban public transport (bus) [OR=2.06 (CI 95% 01.16-3.73); p=0.015]; ex-smoker [OR=2.85 (95% CI 1.11- 6.78); p=0.021]; minutes sitting on weekends [OR=0.91 (95% CI 0.84-0.98); p=0.023]; irregularly active [OR=0.44 (95% CI 0.21-0.88); p=0.022]; diabetes [OR=4.09 (95% CI 1.77- 9.16); p=0.001]; family history of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia [OR=2.34 (95% CI 1.15-5.29); p=0.028]. In the model adjusted for age and smoking, we had an association with hypertension being irregularly active [OR=0.46 (CI=95% 0.21-0.95); p=0.039]. The prevalence of common mental disorder was 29.3%. Among the variables associated with hypertension, the following stand out: feeling tired for the time [OR=1.81 (CI=95% 1.03 – 3.16)] and getting

tired easily [OR=2.20 (CI =95% 1.26 - 3.85); p=0.005], SRQ-20 score [1.07 (1.01 – 1.14); 0.025] and presence of common mental disorder [2.64 (1.44 - 4.88); p=0.002]. Conclusion: the epidemiological profile of the studied nursing professionals showed an association between lifestyle and common mental disorder and hypertension in nursing professionals. These are the two studies that found an association between high blood pressure and lifestyle and the presence of a common mental disorder in nursing professionals.