Qualidade em saúde na perspectiva do trabalhador da atenção básica na cidade de Manaus

Abstract

The search for quality is a growing challenge in the institutions that want products and services better and better, and covers all sectors, including the health sector. The expansion of the Brazilian primary care network (AB), especially the teams of the Family Health Strategy (ESF), expanded access to this health care level, setting up an important step towards the universalization of the Unified Health System (SUS). However, the effective reorganization of the health care model from the primary care also requires improvement in the quality of care offered in the system gateway. A number of initiatives for assessing the quality of health programs and services have emerged, among them the Brazilian National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ-AB) implemented by Ordinance 1,654, of July 19, 2011 by the Ministry of Health. The program has conducted two evaluative cycles in the years 2011-2012 and 2013-2014, respectively. The city of Manaus, through its Municipal Health Department (SEMSA), participated in both cycles with primary care teams in their territory. This study aimed to describe the meanings of health quality in primary care to primary care workers in the city of Manaus, state of Amazonas. The research was qualitative, descriptive and exploratory. The study subjects were employees of AB (management teams and leading teams) within the SEMSA, who participated in the 1st and 2nd PMAQ-AB cycles. To grasp the perception of common and divergent aspects in the discourse of the teams, the study conducted 12 focus groups with 102 participants from the draw AB teams in the four city Sanitary Districts. In the data analysis, we used the thematic content analysis as proposed by Minayo (2008), organized into two groups ("management-team" and "tip-team") and two analytical categories ("Quality in AB "and" quality experiences in AB"). The research project was approved by the Ethics Committee in Research of Manaus Municipal Health Department and the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Amazonas. Among the findings, the lines of tip-teams that had better results in assessment by PMAQ-AB showed the polysemy of quality meanings in AB for the ESF teams and greater association between the quality of health and the presence of attributes AB the routine work of the teams. In contrast, tip-teams that had lower performances in PMAQ-AB assessment emphasized infrastructure and material resources as most weight elements in achieving quality. In turn, the management-teams associated health in quality in AB with the resoluteness of tip-teams. Also identified in the statements the absence of regular and systematic use of AB quality parameters in seven of the nine surveyed ESF teams as well as negative experiences reports in evaluative processes said verticalized, stressful, labor-intensive and low-induction capacity actual changes in programs and services of AB.