Vulnerabilidade socioambiental e morbidade por diarreias agudas no município de Tefé-AM

Abstract

This work addresses the disorderly urban expansion of Tefé, which resulted in the irregular occupation of the riverbanks and unhealthy areas. Its objective is to analyze the socio-environmental conditions associated with morbidity due to diarrhea in the city. Despite the recognized role of environmental sanitation in disease prevention, its implementation is still limited in some regions of Brazil. Diarrheal diseases represent challenges in surveillance due to high incidence and underreporting. The Amazon region, with its seasonal rains and hydrological variations, influences the occurrence of diarrhea, as analyzed in Chapter 1 of the study. Between 2007 and 2021, Tefé recorded 1524 hospitalizations due to diarrhea, with significant variations during rainy and dry periods. The months of January and June presented the highest number of hospitalizations during the rains, while April had the lowest record. September and October, in the dry and ebbing period, had the highest total of hospitalizations. The analysis of confirmed cases in the Amazonian summer and winter periods revealed variation, with a higher occurrence during the Amazonian winter (rainy season). A uniform annual pattern that consistently relates climatic elements to hospitalizations due to diarrhea was not identified. Morbidity varied over the years, suggesting the influence of multiple factors beyond the climate. The temporal and spatial diagnosis, combined with socioeconomic indicators, sanitation, water supply, and education, allowed the identification of higher risk groups and vulnerability factors in the region. The mapping of confirmed cases highlighted areas with a higher incidence, associated with socioeconomic characteristics. The study emphasizes the relationship between socioeconomic, environmental, and public health factors in socio-environmental vulnerability and diarrhea morbidity in Tefé-AM. Vulnerable populations, with difficulties in accessing basic sanitation and low income, are the most affected. The lack of adequate infrastructure, such as clean water supply and sewage treatment, contributes to the spread of diseases. Preventive measures, such as health education and hygienic practices, are essential to reduce morbidity. Health promotion and the reduction of socio-environmental vulnerability require investments in public policies and collaboration among governments, health institutions, and civil society. Raising awareness among the population about appropriate practices and implementing multidisciplinary measures are essential. Continuous scientific research and indicator monitoring are crucial for effective intervention in improving health in Tefé-AM.