Vivências da homofobia no período escolar: significações na idade adulta

Abstract

The homophobia suffered in the school does not end in the act itself, being able to bring psychosocial implications that can last until the adult life. In this way, we try to answer the following question: How do the experiences of these young people take place? To answer this question, we elaborate the general objective: To understand the experiences of adult cisgender homosexual men about the homophobia suffered in school and its subjective implications. The specifics are: To analyze the reports about the homophobia suffered in the school; to describe the meanings attributed to the subjective implications of homophobia in school; to characterize the organization and functioning of the Significant Social Networks used to deal with situations of homophobic violence of the time and today. We use as theoretical framework the Theory of Ideological Apparatus of the State because we understand the school as a reproductive apparatus of ideologies of the dominant classes; the Queer Theory focused on the field of education; and Social Networks Theory that will help us understand the constitution and functioning of Significant Social Networks, as well as giving us an instrument for data collection. This is a descriptive qualitative research, in which we interviewed 10 homosexual men aged between 18 and 30 who suffered homophobia at schools of Manaus. For the data collection, we performed a semi-structured interview, in addition to completing the Minimum Relationship Map (MMR) instrument. For the analysis of the interviews we use the Thematic Content Analysis, and for the analysis of Significant Social Networks, we use Social Networks Theory. As results of the Content Analysis, we find two final categories: Experiences of homophobia and Psychosocial Implications to the time and current. In the first one, the reports brought the suffering of the interviewees by the noncompliance of the normative allied to the fact that they are in a normative environment, that allows that the homophobia is perpetuated; Already in the second category, some implications are brought as a way of preventing the subject from possible attacks, some to neutralize or counterattack; others also served to help the subject to feel more empathy for the neighbor. The analysis of the Significant Social Networks of the subjects presented from the subjects that found in the school the perpetuation of the helplessness found in the house until those who grew up in an environment of respect to the differences and had psychotherapeutic support. Some interviewees had no one to turn to during the school period, except their peers of the same age. In this perspective, it is important that the school invest in projects that lead adolescents to act in education and prevention of discrimination among their peers.