Migração transfronteiriça peruana e economia étnica no bairro de Coimbra em Benjamin Constant/AM na fronteira Brasil-Peru

Abstract

Migration is a matter of social, economic, cultural, political, ethnic and human rights scope, with the capacity to influence the landscaping of the place, social relations, cultural traits and the economy of the region. The migration process generates new demands for society, creating the need to develop studies that are able to discuss these and other issues arising from the demands of the migration process. Based on a reflection of the migrationeconomyethnicity trilogy, this work has as its background the scenario of Peruvian commerce in a Brazilian border city located in the interior of the state of Amazonas, which resulted in the work Migração transfronteiriça Peruana e Economia Etnica no Bairro de Coimbra in Benjamin Constant/Amazonas on the Brazil–Peru Border. The research was carried out between 2018 and 2022. In general terms, we sought to analyze the formation and expansion of Peruvian commerce in the Coimbra neighborhood in the border city of Benjamin Constant (Brazil-Peru),reflecting on the relationship between immigration and the formation of a socio-spatial economy of ethnic business and its possible implications for the economic development of the city. The research was conducted by a reflection based on the theory of ethnic economy in a dialogue with the value-labor method. A dialogue is established, beyond economics and administration, relating fundamental concepts of sociology, anthropology, history, geography that, in an integrative way, contributed to a better understanding of the attraction/expulsion factors that stimulate Peruvian migration, therefore, how where these immigrants settle and organize their commercial/economic activities in the receiving city. Observation, application of forms and narrative interviews were used with 14 Peruvian traders in the food retail sector in the Coimbra neighborhood, with a 100% sample representation, since all Peruvian traders with the profile outlined in the survey were interviewed : Peruvian traders located in the Coimbra neighborhood in the perimeter corresponding to Rua Frei Ludovico and Rua 13 de Maio, operating in the food retail sector (neighborhood market). The research revealed that Peruvian migration to the city of Benjamin Constant is motivated by ethnic and economic attractiveness factors. Peruvian commerce is formed by an ethnic economy fed by a network of ethnicfamilial-commercial social relations, which encourage the process of Peruvian immigration to the city of Benjamin Constant. This contact between the two countries causes a migration in transit on the Brazil-Peru border driven by various reasons that encourage the constant transit of immigrants between the two countries associated with work, commerce, sightseeing, study, leisure, among others. Furthermore, albeit implicitly, it identified the contribution of Peruvian trade to the city of Benjamin Constant/AM in the social, cultural and economic sphere. However, there is a need for government planning that meets the structuring needs of Peruvian trade in the municipality