Estudos tecnológicos para obtenção de forma farmacêutica sólida a partir de Justicia pectoralis Jacq.

Abstract

The species Justicia pectoralis of the family Acanthaceae, present in the North, Northeast and Midwest of Brazil, popularly known by names like chambá, anador, clover-tree or clover-cumaru and belonging to the Farmácias Vivas project, also being found in the National Registry of Medicinal Plants of Interest to the National Health System (RENISUS) for being widely used in popular medicine in the form of syrup for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Its major metabolites belonging to the coumarin class. Studies indicate the presence of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and muscle relaxant activities. Dry plant extracts have been a target of great interest for the pharmaceutical industries, as they present dosage accuracy and ease of handling, in addition to physical-chemical stability, being, therefore, a safe and effective form of use for medicines. Thus, this work had as main objective to obtain solid pharmaceutical forms through technological studies. Then, the physical-chemical characterization of the vegetable raw material (MPV) was carried out, for the production of extractive solutions (SE) by decoction under reflux, followed by the drying of these solutions in fluidized bed equipment to evaluate the dry extracts by spraying (ESA) and addition of adjuvants originating the spray dried products (PSA), through factorial planning. In addition to evaluating these dryings through chromatographic, microbiological, spectroscopic, electronic scanning and cell viability analyzes. Regarding the results for MPV, classified as moderately coarse powder with good fluidity, a significant difference was noted for the extractive content of the aqueous solution, indicating that water would be the best extractor solvent.. By characterizing the SE, significant results were found for aqueous SE in the dry residue (RS) and total polyphenol content (PFT). After drying and obtaining the ESA, despite not having presented a better result for RS, the yield was statistically equal for the two ESA under test, as well as in the results of the PSA, noting that, the ESA presented results superior to those of the PSA, with 78 , 47 and 85.80%, for hydroalcoholic and aqueous, respectively. And although the loss by desiccation (PD) of the hydroalcoholic ESA did not fit in the literature, as well as the PSA, through the water activity it was possible to prove microbiological stability of these powders. For the analysis of Hausner Factor (FH) and Carr Index (IC), no efficient results were found, that is, the powders did not present good flow and flow characteristics. In morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the powders were different, with the ESA powder having a smoother and more uniform surface. By spectroscopy in the infrared with Fourier transform (FTIR), it was observed that the solvents did not present great differences between themselves, as well as after drying process, all compounds remained stable, even with the addition of adjuvants. In a total polyphenol content test (PFT), again differing from SE, hydroalcoholic ESA proved to be superior in the two methods tested, and these results were maintained in PSA, indicating that there was no favoring by the presence of adjuvants. On the content of coumarin and umbeliferone, all as drying, with the exception of those performed with aqueous ESA + adjuvants, interesting results. In the cell viability test, the dry extracts proved to be non-cytotoxic at a concentration of 100 μg / ml. Thus, it can be conquered that the drying process favored important factors, such as maintaining integrity and increasing the concentration of the study's active principles.