Processo de reintegração social de cidadãos privados de liberdade na cidade de Manaus

Abstract

This research aimed to understand the social reintegration process that people deprived of liberty go through, after leaving prison. From a bioecological model that integrates different levels of analysis: microsystem, ecosystem and macrosystem. In order to understand how resilience, optimism and hope can work together to their coping when they return to freedom, admitting personal characteristics, the kind of crime and the set of contextual factors that goes along with them throughout the process. The main objective of this work was to understand the way social reintegration process takes place to citizens deprived of freedom in Manaus city, Amazonas (Brazil), through the process experienced. And as specific objectives: To analyze the psychological variables (Hope, Optimism, Resilience and Satisfaction with Life) involved in the process of social reintegration of the egresses of the Prison System and also to evaluate the combination of components considered in the different levels of analysis (person, process, context, time) in the process of social reintegration. This is an exploratory-descriptive study seeking to identify significant differences among the assessed groups in a likely success in the process of social reintegration. In order to provide valuable information through a psychosocial and bioecological assessment from a resilience perspective. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview, genetograma elaboration, application of short scales of resilient behavior, optimism, hope and satisfaction with life to six people deprived of their liberty, three repeat and three non-repeat, in the Department of Social Reintegration and Citizenship (DERESC). The results were structured into the following analysis categories: personal and individual issues, personal beliefs, interpersonal interactions, environmental influences experienced, and the strategies adopted by the person deprived of liberty in the process of social reintegration. The results showed that there is a relation between resilience and social reintegration, that the fact that people experience greater optimism, hope for life is associated with the presence of positive and resilient behaviors during the period of the sentence in freedom. It was noticed that greater integration and social participation of people who have been deprived of freedom fosters a sense of optimism and, with it, satisfaction with one's own life, that is, as the individual is inserted in new social and work spaces, his network size and support features will increase and create more positive and resilient feelings. It was also realized that a social and affective support network, as family and friends, favors social integration because people who did not have the support network verbalized difficulties in social reintegration although they exhibit resilient, optimistic, hopeful behaviors. Finally, we consider that the contributions made, although further studies are needed to give greater visibility to the problem addressed, obtained important results with practical implications for psychosocial intervention in prisons and public policies aimed at the social reintegration of people who has been deprived of liberty.