Chuvas extremas e seus impactos socioambientais no espaço urbano de Manaus (Am): 1986 a 2015

Abstract

The main objective of this work was to analyze the extreme rainfall and erosivity indices of the city of Manaus (AM) in the period 1986 to 2015. Thus, to reach these objectives, the characterization of pluviometric variations (monthly and annual) and normal climatological Of the city of Manaus; Specification of anomalous patterns for period; A Identification of rainfall erosivity indices from rainfall data; And the description of socio-environmental impacts associated with extreme rainfall events. In this way, only those that exceeded 50 mm of precipitation were considered extreme rainfall events. In this analysis, a daily historical series of daily and monthly precipitation of the period from 1986 to 2015 of the INMET station was used. Through the tabulation of these data it was possible to generate graphs and identify the anomalous events and through the Fournier equation (1956) it was possible to identify the rainfall erosivity indexes for the period. Regarding the characterization of the impacts caused by the extreme events in the city of Manaus, the source used was through the newspaper reports "A Crítica". Among the results obtained, it was possible to identify that the mean of the last 30 years of the annual rainfall was 2329.4mm, with the highlight being the rainy year in 2008 with a total of 3157.1 and the year 2015 considered less rainy during that period Total 1735.7. The increase in anomalous events in the last decades reached the last decade (2006 to 2015) the record of 23 months with anomalous episodes. In relation to the estimates of the rainfall erosivity indices, it was possible to identify that the monthly and annual erosivity indices are low to cause impact in the city. It was observed that in the last 30 years 82 extreme events occurred, with 16 years being influenced by the phenomena La Niña and El Niño and 14 without the influence of the phenomena. The main impacts were related to floods and floods, landslides, house collapses and some cases of drowning.