Situações didáticas na aprendizagem matemática na perspectiva da construção do conhecimento

Abstract

The aim of this study was to delve about "How can the configuration didactic-pedagogical based on didactic situations, to further the learning and formation about the knowledge mathematical in elementary education?", taking into consideration that the teaching form in the actual math, at large, there is predominant approach the summary exposure of contents, exercises and valuations that usually resume in writing valuations. Established on research, the aim this study “It was study about the process around of learning mathematic in the 7th year elementary established on didactic situations in the perspective construction knowledge". Specifically, this study looked for characterize and analyse about the mobilization students in the development of continuations didactics with subjects mathematic; to discuss about the importance students oral manifestations opposite didactic situations as conditions for learning and formation about knowledge mathematical; to evidence the mechanism taking conscience in the students through interpretation and explanation of their actions in relation to didactic situations with realize material; analyze and reflect about the implications in the didactic situations in relation to method teaching and learning mathematical. There for, to answer about the research and to reach the proposed objectives, It was choose by qualitative approach, in the experimental modality, where through the planning, conception, application and evaluation of a didactic sequence according orientation of Zabala, we made a pedagogical intervention, based mainly on the theoretical bases of the genetic epistemology by Jean Piaget, on the dialogical educations Paulo Freire and on the methodological assumptions of the didactic situations by Guy Brousseau. In the first phase of the research, referring to analysis of data from classroom observation, interviews and diagnostic tests, the findings indicate that teaching mathematics is based on a predominantly empiricist conception, with contents exposition and repetition of exercises, a example antidialogical and unilateral teaching, in other words, without dialogical interaction between teacher and students as a necessary condition for learning and the construction about mathematical knowledge, resulting in a learning based on the mechanical memorization of rules, formulas and algorithms, without taking conscience, therefore, without understanding. Consequently, analysis of the diagnostic test reveals a gap in the subjects learning in relation to simple concepts of mathematics. From the epistemological point of view, the subjects show difficulties of abstraction and logical reasoning, which show the limitation of the empiricist conception as epistemological base for the teaching and learning mathematics. On the hand, the study about didactic situations brought the perspective to a new dynamic and didactic-pedagogical organization in the classroom of mathematic, incumbent in the dialogical educations Freire, where dialogue as praxis knowledge constructed since a action and reflection of the subject. In this perspective, the analysis about the activities developed by strategy of the didactic sequences, with intercession by teacher-researcher, indicate favourable and necessary conditions for learning and construction about the mathematical knowledge when stimulate the mobilization, oral expression, especially the dialogue in the classroom, and the taking conscience in the students, while they implementing and explaining their productions.