A influência dos custos operacionais e ambientais na rentabilidade da piscicultura do tambaqui na região metropolitana de Manaus durante a fase de produção

Abstract

This work aimed to analyze the influence of operational and environmental costs on the socioeconomic profile of tambaqui fish farming in the metropolitan region of Manaus city during the production stage. Firstly, a study was carried out to analyze the productive profile of fish farming in the Amazonas State at 2018 in order to provide data to support the second stage. Then, a second study was carried out from data collection in 60 fish farms of tambaqui production selected through the database of the Instituto de Proteção Ambiental do Amazonas (IPAAM), and located in the metropolitan region of the Manaus city. The fish farms were separated into three categories (small - 45 farms, medium - 10 farms, and large - 5 farms). This second study was carried out in four stages in the selected farms: socioeconomic profile, cost analysis, economic and productive analysis, and analysis of the existence of environmental costs and their influence on the formation of operating costs. All data collected in the second stage were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using the R software (version 4.1.3) and submitted to the Tukey test at 0.05 significance level. Collinearity analysis was applied in the significant dependent variables in ANOVA to determine the mathematical and graphic effects of the farms size on them. From the results found, firstly it was observed that the largest volume of fish production in the Amazonas State is predominantly observed in the region called Rio Negro/Solimões, where the metropolitan region of Manaus is located. Thus, the analysis of the operational costs of the fish farming activity located in the metropolitan region of Manaus in the pre-established time space (years 2019, 2020 and 2021) presented a proportional increase (p<0.05) in almost all costs used by fish farmers to calculate the effective operational cost according to the farm size increases, with emphasis on food, where feed cost represented the largest piece of these costs, ranging from 63.63% to 77.28%. In general, according to the increase of the farm size there is a concomitant positive linear increase (p<0.05) in the costs evaluated. The economic analysis corroborates these results, where production cost and sale price are reduced as there is an increase in the farm size and production amount. All these results reflecting in the numeric results of profitability. However, medium and large farms present the same percentage of profitability among themselves.