Filosofia e práxis: um guia de leitura das Teses sobre Feuerbach, de Karl Marx

Abstract

The classroom is a space for socialization, knowledge construction and politicization. In so-called chaotic times of reformulation of Brazilian secondary education, it is necessary to think about practices that correspond to legal requirements and that promote consistent philosophical reflections among students. The present research has the general objective of establishing a methodological proposal for teaching philosophy in the form of a reading guide for Karl Marx's “Theses on Feuerbach”, which implies an adequate understanding of philosophical texts in high school, as this is one of the biggest difficulties faced by high school philosophy teachers. As specific objectives, we aim to elucidate the importance of using philosophical texts in teaching Philosophy and inventorying the specific difficulties inherent in philosophical texts; discuss and propose solutions in order to minimize the difficulties that philosophical texts present to high school students; Develop a theoretical study about the Theses on Feuerbach in the development of Marx's thought and contemporary philosophy aiming at the production of practical-propositional material that develops the student's understanding, interpretation and critical evaluation. In the first part, we discuss the current practice of teaching philosophy in high school, making reference to the implementation of the new high school and the counterpoint of the lack of use of philosophical texts in new legal documents. Next, we address the intrinsic and extrinsic difficulties of philosophical texts and the specificity of Marx's Theses. In the second part, we present the theoretical aspects of the Marxian works that connect the Theses, as well as a study of the main philosophical categories explored by Marx in his text. As part of the practical-purpose proposal, we present the construction of the reading guide for use in the high school classroom. It is, therefore, a strictly bibliographical research with practical application purposes. The epistemological methods of scientific investigation take into account an adaptation in construction of the historical-dialectic Marxist method that considers the reality constructed by historical subjects who, through their practical activities, also construct themselves.