Análise da qualidade do solo e da água em área de disposição de resíduos sólidos urbanos no município de Lábrea, Amazônia Ocidental, Brasil

Abstract

The inadequate disposal of urban solid waste generates several environmental problems, including risks of contamination of soil, water resources and public health. These scenarios are evident mainly in emerging countries, such as Brazil, where the significant increase in the amount of Urban Solid Waste becomes a major challenge for municipal public authorities, as waste needs to be correctly managed. Thus, this study sought to answer the following problem: Is the final disposal of solid waste in the municipality of Lábrea-AM causing contamination of the soil and water environment? Thus, the objective was to evaluate the quality of soil and water in an urban solid waste disposal area in the municipality of Lábrea-AM, using waste landfill quality indexes (IQR) and water quality indexes (IQA), bibliographic review and field research with collection of soil and water samples for laboratory analysis. The IQR results revealed deficiencies such as the absence of a road scale and entrance, inadequate insulation, problems with access roads, lack of compaction and coverage of waste, presence of collectors, burning of waste and reception of unauthorized waste. The chemical analysis of the soil showed significant variations in the analyzed parameters, reflecting the complexity of the interactions between residues and soil. In the IQA, the three water samples from the stream showed quality ranging from "Poor" to "Poor/Acceptable", with high levels of thermotolerant coliforms, exceeding the limits of CONAMA resolution nº 357/2005, indicating microbiological contamination possibly due to the high concentration of organic matter and leaching of effluents from the landfill. The evolution of basic sanitation in the North of Brazil has faced challenges, but public policies and investments have promoted improvements. The results showed that the current conditions of the landfill in Lábrea-AM do not meet the minimum adequacy criteria established by the IQR and IQA, highlighting the need to implement comprehensive corrective measures such as the installation of adequate infrastructure, improvement of management practices and adoption of technologies advanced waste treatment. These actions are essential to increase the efficiency of solid waste management, promote environmental sustainability and improve the quality of life of the local population. Furthermore, integrating SDG principles into waste management policies can significantly contribute to achieving more sustainable and effective management. It is recommended the development of environmental education programs and public policies that encourage community participation and collaboration between different sectors of society to face environmental challenges in an integrated and sustainable manner.