Corpo negro e saúde: um estudo sobre Afrobrasileiros, Aids e Ações afirmativas

Abstract

This doctoral dissertation sustains that, in a singular moment in the national and international contexts, taking advantage of it with perspicacity by a group of committed militants and highly qualified to public debate, it was possible that a series of demands from political organizations of the Black Movement were partially satisfied through the Strategical Program of Affirmative Actions, Black People and Aids (PEAAPNA). These militants alternated in specific places such as: places of academic production about health, organizations from civil society of political militancy of confrontation of anti-black racism, international organizations and instances of public policies management. Since the understanding of certain uses of the notion of health in anthropology, it comes to situate the topic of this dissertation for its focus on a policy of Affirmative Actions to the health of black people in Brazil. In the proposition of a critical view of how the black body was introduced as a question in the anthropological discussion since the XIX century, it is highlighted the dialogue with the health sciences. Taking into account the way anthropology characterized the Africans and their descendants in a condition of almost-humanity, it was notably pointed out the absence of plain health, being it because of unsafe habits and contexts, biological and cultural heritage, or social organization unable to provide appropriate conditions of life. The debate among the colonialist anthropology and the pan-africanist militancy emerges from these formulations, with derogatory characteristics in the comparison between the process of construction and the recognition of the difference between the African-Americans and Amerindians in the community of nations. This contributed to the spread of certain formulation of the place designated to Africans and their descendants in the narrative that talks about the Aids epidemy in the world. It is with emphasis to the contribution of different sections of black movements in the construction of the National Policy of Integral Attention to the Health of Black People (PNAISPN) and its relation with PEAAPNA that it is explained the correlation elaborated with the conceptual tools of AA and the Health of Black People.