Micropropagação de Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen e estabelecimento de meio de cultura para a conservação desta espécie em de banco de Germoplasma IN VITRO.

Abstract

Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. JANSEN is an Amazonian medicinal plant popularly named jambu. The leaves extract contain Sphylantol, an N-isobutilamide with anesthetic activity and it is used by people to treat mouth and throat aches as well as toothaches anesthetic. It has larvicide activity against Aedes aegyptii, so could be used as an important tool in the control do dengue. The objective of this work was to develop in vitro protocols for micropropagation and conservation of this species, as well as to clarify the germination capacity of A. oleracea. Accordingly with results, nom germination was completed both under in vitro as ex vitro conditions. Nodal segments come from adult plants maintained in greenhouse, these plants were submitted to three concentrations of hypochlorite of calcium, wit 0.25%, 32% of explants were decontaminated and survived , wich were used to explants source for three multiplication experiments. The culture medium used was MS supplied with 0.1mg.L-1 KIN, 100¨of explants produced shoots, 93,33% produced roots and 0% produced callus. The experiments probed that central positions of bud promoted 86.67% shoots production in explants, these buds reach 7.61 cm height, this position also induce 100% root of plants. Moreover, the PlantmaxÒ substratum was indicated to acclimation because it appeases 100% of survival plants. The temporary immersion system (R.I.T.A.) was not efficient to optimize this species protocol, since 100% of explants submitted in medium liquid treatments oxidized and dyed. In vitro germoplasm bank was established in MS medium supplied with sucrose 2% and sorbitol 4%, since this treatment induced 100% of explants with shoot and rooted and also produced a larger number of buds (2,0 ± 0,3) and none callus, it produce the less height of explants (5,5 ± 1,1), when was compared with other treatments that exhibit more than 50% of survival explants. This treatment also induced a great number of buds (7.0 ± 1.0), when was compared with the other treatments applied in this specie. Thus, this specie could be produced in large scale by the micropropagation protocol here established, as well as its genetic variability could be conserved in vitro conditions.