Obtenção de calos de Duroia saccifera Hook. F. (Rubiaceae) estudo químico e avaliação biológica dos seus extratos

Abstract

Plants have a great biosynthetic potential, however, the percentage currently used is only a fraction of what plants can offer. The search for new sources of natural products and drugs derived from plants has expanded, especially on those with great therapeutic potential proven. The Rubiaceae family is perhaps the most studied plant family in the area of natural products, as several secondary metabolites have been identified with proven biological activity. The Duroia genre that belongs to Rubiaceae family has 30 species of which have been identified substances such as flavonoids, iridoids, terpenes, aromatic compounds and alkaloids. However all these substances were identified in only two species of the genus, which shows the importance of studies with other species. The Duroia saccifera was chosen as the object of this study by chemotaxonomic approach. The aim of the study was the induction and proliferation of callus in vitro, phytochemical study and evaluation of the biological activity of the extracts as an antibacterial, and antitumor antiophidic. The specie Duroia Saccifera was established in vitro from seeds collected in the reserve Adolfo Ducke in the city of Manaus - AM. The seeds were inoculated onto MS culture medium with the addition of GA3 and after 90 days of cultivation 50% of the seeds had germinated. The leaves of the seedlings obtained in vitro germination were inoculated onto MS medium with the addition of different growth regulators for callus induction. After 30 days of cultivation, it was observed that 80% of the leaves developed callus when inoculated on MS medium in the presence of 2,4-D and KIN. three callus extracts were performed: hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract and methanol extract. The hexane extracts when analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance showed peaks indicating the presence of terpenes and steroids. As for biological activities, hexane extract had a significant activity in inhibiting phospholipase A2 Bothrops atrox venom. Regarding the antitumor activity, the hexane extract showed activity in lower concentrations against tumor type breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7).;