Relações dendrométricas, edáficas e de produção de oleorresina de Copaifera multijuga Hayne, no município de Manicoré-AM

Abstract

This paper was developed in Manicoré, a county at the State of Amazonas and its goal is to determinate how the dendrochronological, dendrometric, edaphic, and copaiba oleoresin production (Copaifera multijuga) variables interact with each other, and with the oil production itself, in order to contribute to the advancement of the copaibeiras’ management knowledge. Fourteen Copaifera multijuga trees were sampled to extract the oleoresin with the use of a compact BT 45 driller, at 1 meter high. Dendrometric information was collected from the tree trunk (size, chest height diameter-DBH, commercial and total heights, age of individuals and Mean Annual Increment (IMA). Edaphic soil characteristics (20 cm depth) were obtained around each tree. Then, a descriptive analysis was then performed with the observed variables. After this, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the soil variables was applied, aiming to select the most important variables and to reduce the number of variables. Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed with the selected soil variables and the dendrometric and oil production variables. New PCA was made, including the selected soil variables, the dendrometic and oleoserin production. To know how the copaibeiras resemble all the measured variables, a hierarchical cluster analysis was made, using the Euclidean distance and the Ward cluster method. The results indicated that the 14 analyzed trees produced oil, with an average production of 226.79 ml ± 126.91 (95% CI, n=14.). The most significant variables in this research were Age, MAI (Mean Annual Increment), Coarse Sand, Total Height, and amount of oil. The C. multijuga trees average age was 100.36 years ± 11.88 and it was noticed that there was a low correlation between age and oil production. It was also observed that the higher the age of the trees, the higher the DAP. The amount of oil showed to be negatively correlated with the manganese content in the soil, although the Mn concentration is not beyond the plant’s tolerable limits, not representing toxicity risk. In the analyzed variables general context, age, Mean Annual Increment, coarse sand, clay, and oil quantity accounted for approximately 84% of the variability of the data set analyzed. Cluster analysis, in the context of all variables, evidenced the formation of three groups, where it can be observed that the geographical distance between individuals does not influence its cluster, from the point of view of measured biotic and abiotic similarity. It must be stand out that in general, the plasticity of copaibeiras has been observed to occur in the various concentrations of the analyzed variables, which suggests that this species has adapted to different soil conditions, and which additional studies should be carried out with a larger number of samples to support such observations.