Lixo urbano como temática na promoção da cidadania e do ensino-aprendizagem de Química a partir do enfoque CTS

Abstract

Many challenges need to be faced in order for basic education especially the Secondary Education, ensures a common formation indispensable for the exercise of citizenship and to provide the means for progression at work. In addition to the reformulation of the curriculum, it is necessary to train teachers to teach current contents and closer to students' lives. Therefore, the proposal of this work arises from the need to contextualize the reality of the students with the chemical knowledge and aims to investigate the learning promoted in the teaching of chemical contents with High School students, from the theme "urban waste" under the CTS approach. This work is based on the qualitative and technical approach of the action research, having the project methodology and its didactic actions with the support of questionnaires as instruments of data collection. The garbage theme was chosen due to the school where the project was developed is located in a neighborhood, which had already been a "dump" at the same time that the theme has great social relevance. Thirteen (13) students from the 1st year of High School, from a public school in the county of Manaus-Amazonas, participated as subjects of research. The analysis of data was guided by Content Analysis, with interpretation of the messages obtained during the investigative process. The results suggest that the work involving social themes evidences the importance of the introduction of socio-scientific aspects in the teaching under the CTS approach and can favor contextualized practical activities, combining the conceptual learning of the contents with a posture more committed to the environment, contributing to formation of the citizen. It was first realized that the students were oblivious to the social problem under discussion, and thus began a reflective work on everyone's responsibilities over garbage. For that, we worked on the learning of chemical concepts, procedures and attitudes. In relation to the learning promoted by the project, in the construction of the knowledge related to the transformations and properties of the materials, an advance was made regarding the proposition of hypotheses even if in an insecure way and in relation to the previous ideas at the beginning of the project, it is understood that there is still a need for reinforcements or activities that further develop the conceptual field. However, the activities that promoted cooperation, solidarity, organization, debate, reflection and criticality were quite effective, and this was noticed in the speeches mentioned during the course of the activities and in the research results, where the students explained the subject in a safe and critical way. It is interesting to note that this evolution was gradual, and if it did not promote a lasting change, however, the seed of the reflection was planted. It was observed that within the cognitive level, the participants find themselves between naive realism, the reality they can visualize and the interpretive, that they can explain through science and are moving towards a reflexive process of accepting what is better for the community, to consider a paradigm shift.