Produção e caracterização de proteases de fungos isolados de amostras de solo da região Amazônica

Abstract

Proteases are the group of hydrolytic enzymes of major industrial interest, enzymes that cleave peptide bonds in proteins, promoting the hydrolysis of the chains. It has a wide commercial and industrial use and can be obtained from a variety of sources, the fungicides having advantages over others, and can be obtained in large quantities, in a standardized way and without causing environmental damages. The proteases of interest to the cosmetic industry can be produced on an industrial scale by means of bioprocesses using microorganisms. The production of proteases is little explored in Amazonian fungi, however these soil isolates present activities that can contribute to the development and expansion of regional products. In this context the objective of this work was to evaluate the production and to characterize partially proteases of fungi isolated from soil samples from the Amazon region. In an initial screening were performed bioprocesses with enzyme inducing medium, which had its enzymatic quantification performed after 72h of fermentation in orbital agitation. The enzymatic activity was determined by the reaction of the substrate azocaseine with the enzymatic broth and paralyzed with trichloroacetic acid. The fungi that stood out most in the initial screening were identified morphologically and coded as Fusarium INPA 6 and Aspergillus INPA 154, presenting activities of 97 and 54 IU / mL, respectively. Bioprocesses were performed to analyze the influence of the variables on the enzymatic production. This optimization showed that the factors present in the bioprocess influence the activity of the protease, and the fungi of this study achieved better results in the presence of gelatine and yeast extract as carbon sources and nitrogen respectively in a shaking at 120 rpm with the cell concentration / ml at 104 and initial pH of the medium in the range of 6. Having provided a protease with optimum pH in the range of 8 and optimum temperature at 50 ° C. These results indicate that the bioprocess with Amazonian fungi is an interesting possibility in the research of new sources of proteases, with a strong sustainable and economic appeal. The region now has two new sources of proteases with characteristics interesting to the cosmetics industry. In a more technological academic aspect, these new sources of proteases have the potential to be evaluated as more efficient and / or economical sources.