Alterações pedológicas em área sob cultivo de abacaxi em Novo Remanso, Itacoatiara - AM

Abstract

This work aimed to analyze the pedological alterations in two areas (mechanized and non-mechanized) of pineapple production, compared to the forest area, in the District of Novo Remanso, municipality of Itacoatiara-AM. Thus, specific objectives were established, such as the characterization of the forms of use and occupation of the soil that took place in the study areas, description of the physical and chemical attributes of the soils. For this purpose, soil samples were collected in three different areas, in the areas of mechanized and fertilized, non-mechanized and fertilized pineapple cultivation and in a forest area, all within the limits of the Novo Canaã II site. To characterize the changes in land use and occupation between 1985 and 2020, images obtained from the Landsat 5 and 8 satellites were used, which were treated in a GIS (Geographic Information System) environment. In addition to collecting soil samples, soil water infiltration capacity, soil penetration resistance, and soil granulometric analysis were carried out. The samples were analyzed at the Laboratory for the Treatment of Sediments and Soils (LATOSSOLOS). Regarding the transformations in the landscape, it was found that in the area of Novo Remanso, in the years 1985 to 2020, there were some changes in the coverage, such as an increase in the exposed soil along the access road to the village of Novo Remanso and, in the central area of the village, there was an increase in the exposed soil patch, signaling an increase in urbanization, in addition to agricultural activities, mainly with pineapple cultivation. The results show that the soil in a mechanized area has a fine texture (clay fraction), which predominates in most of the layers analyzed, where the texture of the studied profile ranged from clayey to very clayey and only 10 to 20 cm has a loam texture silty clay. In the pineapple growing area without mechanization and forestry, it was observed that clay fractions predominate in all layers of the studied profile, ranging from clayey to very clayey. The soil penetration tests showed differences between the average results, being mechanized (2,248 MPa), non-mechanized (2,002 MPa) and forest (2,056 MPa) area. Chemical analyzes were performed at the Soil Laboratory of DEAS/FCA/UFAM, in which it was observed that in the first centimeters of the layers of the soil, aluminum, which is considered a toxic element to plants, is present with a high percentage in the first cm of the soil, mainly in the forest area.