Estrutura florística e implicações socioambientais na Área de Preservação Permanente Tarumã Mirim, Manaus – AM

Abstract

Over the lack of planning on urban sprawl, the effects of negative environmental impacts can be mitigated with conservation actions and management of vegetation cover. Forests that share space with large urban centers may have been affected in its structure and function, making it highly modified landscape mosaics. The integrity of these forest communities is vulnerable to intense land use change associated with ineffective management of these areas with urbanization without planning. Thus, this study aims to analyze the phytosociological and environmental characteristics of the area of permanent preservation Tarumã Mirim, Manaus - AM. The research was developed in APP Tarumã Mirim that is inserted in the Conservation Area (APA) left bank of the Rio Negro, located in Manaus -AM. It performed a phytosociological inventory, used the quadrant point method, totaling 120 points on 10.5 ha. For environmental issues was applied to 90 residents a questionnaire with 20 questions semiestruturas and 5 open questions. They were listed 480 individuals, distributed in 36 families, 165 species of 70 botanical genera. The most abundant genera were Eschweillera (54) Pentaclethra (30) Protium (28) Licania (18), ferrule (16). The families with the highest number of species were Fabaceae. The species Eschweillera coriacea (DC.) S.A Mori said in relation to the other in number of individuals, density, frequency, importance value and coverage value. All species are located in the middle stratum. The results of the floristic composition and structure, shows the high value of diversity with the Shannon-Wienner index of 4.6. There was a strong correlation (r = 0.86) between the diversity and the knowledge of the differences in vegetation by respondents. The Eschweillera coriacea species (DC.) S.A Mori and Goupia glabra Aubl. They should be integrated into conservation actions, reported as the main target of extraction, due to its high economic value and properties of favorable wood for construction, indicating the region as great potential timber. The surrounding population APP Tarumã Mirim is formed by former residents with different social profiles, which are influenced by proximity to Manaus. The environmental awareness of residents is diffused, where at the same time see the remaining forest as influences quality of life, expect significant changes in local infrastructure, comparing the characteristics of traditional communities in the Amazon.