Autocuidado em saúde de idosos com doenças cardiovasculares na pandemia da COVID-19: consensos, dissensos e possibilidades

Abstract

Self-care in aging is established as a possibility to promote health, well-being, and healthy aging, being inherent to human beings and essential for life. In this perspective, it is important to give voice so that elderly people can decide, according to their beliefs and preferences, the execution of their own ways of taking care of themselves. This research aimed to understand, from the perspective of elderly people with cardiovascular diseases, the meanings of self-care practices in health employed in the first year of the covid-19 pandemic. More specifically, we sought to: understand the meanings attributed by these elderly people with cardiovascular diseases to their self-care practices in health; understand the difficulties that the elderly had to carry out their self-care in health; To describe self-care practices in health employed by elderly people with cardiovascular diseases in the first year of the pandemic. As a methodology, qualitative research was developed, based on the phenomenological method. Five young people who attend the Open University Foundation for the Third Age participated in the research. For data collection, we resorted to the phenomenological interview that started from a guiding question and that possibly had consequences. The interviews were transcribed in full, the Units of Meaning were identified and the Thematic Categories were elaborated, which led to the production of three articles, the first of which was entitled: Scientific production on self-care for the elderly in the covid-19 pandemic: Integrative Literature Review , the second article, which received the title: Self-care in health of elderly women with cardiovascular diseases in the pandemic: readings from Heidegger, and the last article, which received the title: Self-care practices in health of elderly women with cardiovascular diseases in the pandemic. The analysis of the data that originated the second article was based on Heidegger's philosophy, considering the concept of care addressed by Martin Heidegger. For the analysis of data from the third article, the conceptual bases of self-care were used, considering its multiple facets. The results of the interviews point to innumerable possibilities and meanings that these elderly women attributed to guarantee their existential needs in the context of the pandemic, in addition, they managed to reframe their care, opening themselves up to possibility, as a being-inthe-world. Finally, it is concluded that the dimension of self-care should never be treated only from a biological perspective but consider the human in all its particularities: psychological, social, spiritual, relational and affective.