Diabetes mellitus e os fatores associados ao risco cardiovascular em indígenas da etnia Munduruku

Abstract

Introduction: The changes of the globalized world, as a result of the processes of urbanization and industrialization, brought changes in lifestyle, culture as well as the increase of noncommunicable chronic diseases, in which we can highlight cardiovascular diseases. These same impacts permeate the indigenous populations, through the transitions of life, economic and socio-cultural habits and the lifestyle itself. Objective: To evaluate cardiovascular risk factors, with emphasis on Diabetes Mellitus, of Munduruku Indians living in the villages of Laranjal, Mucajá, Kwatá and Fronteira. Methodology: Cross-sectional study, carried out in the municipality of Borba, Amazonas, with 459 individuals: Laranjal (n = 93), Mucajá (n = 129), Kwatá (n = 136) and Frontier (n = 101). Glucose measurement was performed using a digital portable device (Accu-Check® Glucometer from Roche Diagnostics). Factors associated with diabetes mellitus were evaluated according to univariate analysis, followed by multivariate analysis for the construction of the final multiple model, being considered statistically significant values (p≤0.05). Results: Most Indians are male (57.1%), altered blood pressure level suggestive of arterial hypertension (7.4%), altered blood glucose suggestive of diabetes mellitus (12.2%) and overweight (52.7 %). The construction of the final multiple model showed that with each increase in one year of age, there is a 3% increase in the chance of prediabetes and a 5% increase in the chance of DM, regardless of BMI. Individuals with a BMI between 25 and 29.9 kg / m² are up to 4 times more likely to have DM than those with a BMI below 25 kg / m². Individuals with a BMI ≥30 kg / m² have up to 9 higher chances of prediabetes and up to 36 times greater chance of having DM compared to those with a BMI below 25 kg / m². Conclusion: Munduruku Indians had alarming blood glucose levels suggestive of diabetes mellitus and this is a worrying index. Individuals with low education, who were overweight or obese and Indians who were within the older age groups were more likely to develop the disease.