As micro-centrais hidroelétricas e seus impactos sócioambientais em assentamentos rurais: proposta de uma matriz simplificada para avaliação de impactos ambientais

Abstract

The energetic sector is causing significant environmental impact in the world at all stages of their production cycle: it generates, transmission and distributes. The way energy is produced and used can cause some kind of environmental impact that contributes to the increasing environmental degradation. In the city of Santarém, state of Pará, began a process of energization of isolated rural communities taking power to the sites where no such service using as source of energy generation alternative turbines driven by the use of small streams. The study was conducted at Santarém, in Mojú Settlement Project I and II areas of the premises of St. John and µCH Piranha and communities benefit from the deployment and energy generation. We tried to diagnose the changes of socio in communities Piranha and St. John due to the deployment of µCH `s, identifying changes in water quality upstream and downstream through the analysis of the physical, chemical and biological function of the implantation of µCH's and commitment of its use for other purposes. Through a questionnaire, can identify the social impacts on communities benefited and analyze the model's µCH management, identifying whether the proposed model is feasible to isolated rural communities in the Amazon. To analyze the quality of water conducted to evaluate the IQA resulting sorting indices for the two µCH Good's. In relation to social diagnosis, more than 90% of the settlers were satisfied with the generation of energy in communities claiming to have improved their quality of life. However in relation to the model management issues were identified from the environmental permit to identify the impacts generated in the Anthropic, Physical and Biotic. Based on the results we were able to have data capable of providing information to tailor an approach from the Leopold matrix for the composition of a Matrix Simplified Environmental Impact Assessment. By applying the matrix facilitates the identification of impacts assigning weights for each type and magnitude of impact. The result of the proposed methodology indicates that µCH evaluated achieved a positive score, total (+42) points, being in the range ≥ 31and ≤ 70, attending the requirements proposed through the simplified mold of environmental impact and to the environmental licensing, conditioning the mitigating measures. Through the proposed methodology, environmental agencies and managers can use the method to identify and measure the impacts of developments of alternative generation of electricity.