Indígenas em contexto de cidade: um estudo sobre o processo psicopolítico das dimensões da identidade coletiva em moradores da Comunidade Sol Nascente

Abstract

Indigenous peoples in a city context have faced a number of socio-political obstacles to their presence and permanence in these spaces, mainly due to their difficulty in accessing basic rights such as health, education, security and regularization of their lands. Thus, the city‟s indigenous communities have found several means of articulation to organize and mobilize demands for improvements. In this sense, this study proposes a discussion about the collective identity – concept of Political Psychology that refers to the cognitive, emotional and interactive dimensions that structure the modes of group and collective organization – based on our experience in the city pluriethnic indigenous community entitled “Sunrise” (APR), located in a occupied area of a Permanent Protected Area in the north zone of Manaus/AM, since June 2013, with approximately 600 inhabitants. Our community work had interface with the theoretical-methodological approach of Community Social Psychology. So, this is a qualitative study, whose objective was to understand the process of constitution of the collective identity of residents of the Sunrise Community. We used as instruments: semi- structured interview and participant observation with recording in field diary. As an analysis procedure, we used Bardin's Content Analysis. Our presence in the community occurred between August/2017 and June/2018. Our discussions point out that in the interactive dimension, the residents of the community present the belonging, mainly through their collective and shared notions of history and constitution. Permeated to these aspects, we also point out the ethnic issues present in the sense of belonging, with elements of peer recognition and historical ethnic affinities. In the emotional dimension, we highlight the negative feelings present mainly in the interethnic relationship, which is consolidated from experiences of prejudice and discrimination, and political differences about the land. In addition, we observed the presence of the ethnic marker as well, since we have identified that intra-ethnic strife directs modes of relationship and community sentiment. In the interactive dimension, we point out the main elements that can be negotiated intra and inter-communitarian among indigenous and non-indigenous peoples, with the following being identified: indigenous specificities, socio-political organization and the struggle for basic rights. We can observe from our discussions that ethnic markers are expressively present in the understanding of the collective identity of indigenous peoples in a city context. In this sense, we understand the need to contextualize these markers to these discussions, in order to broaden relevant dialogues to Psychologies, to indigenous issues and to the concept of collective identity.