O campo térmico e higrométrico de Tefé - Amazonas

Abstract

The aim of this study was to understand the thermal and hygrometric aspects of the City of Tefé in Amazonas, for this reason we used in our geographical reasoning the theoretical bases of the Urban Climate System by Monteiro (1976) with an emphasis on the thermodynamic subsystem. We carried out the survey of thermal and hygrometric data in several urban-rural and intra-urban areas, using collection techniques by mobile transect and fixed points that occurred in two periods, August 2018, representative of the Amazonian summer (period with lower monthly totals of rains) and May 2019, representing the Amazonian winter (period with high monthly totals of rain), in three hours at 8h00min, 14h00min and 8h00min. The fixed points were installed at three points, with different characteristics of use and occupation, the Saint Antônio do Ipapucu Community and Sitio Diamante in rural areas and Neighborhood Abial in urban areas. The results of the fixed points showed that in the month of August 2018, in the mornings the rural areas show similar heating, with a maximum amplitude of 2 ° C, in the afternoon the differences were greater. During the morning the most heated spot was the Sítio Diamante, in the afternoon the Saint Antônio do Ipapucu Community and at night the Saint Antônio do Ipapucu Community. When comparing the urban with the rural, Neighborhood Abial in the morning reached 4.9°C in amplitude, in the afternoon up to 13.8°C very strong, at night the differences found reached 7.5°C. Thus, we can say that there was a manifestation of the heat island anomaly of very strong magnitude on some days of August 2018 in Neighborhood Abial, with a maximum value of 13.8 ° C in the Amazonian summer period. In May 2019, the thermal amplitudes were weak from 0ºC to 2ºC, in just two days the amplitudes reached 6ºC in relation to rural areas, which led us to realize that during the Amazonian winter, there is no island formation heat at this point. Through mobile transect monitoring in the intra-urban space of Tefé, in August 2018, Tefé Airport (Point 33) had the lowest temperatures in almost all collection days. The hottest spot was the church Matriz de Santa Teresa (Point 52). In the month of May 2019, in the morning, the Tefé Airport (Point 33) had a lower temperature, the point that stood out for the higher frequency of high temperature was in the Central trade area (point 2) near square Of Saint Teresa, which led us to see that more heated areas occur at different points in the summer and winter in the Amazon. Thus, it was characterized the presence of a heat island during the Amazonian summer (less rainy period) at night, located in the central area of the city with an average magnitude with amplitudes of 6.1ºC. During the rainiest period (Amazonian winter) there was only one episode of the thermal difference associated with a strong magnitude heat island (5.2°C) that occurred on May 23. Through the analyzes made, identification of land use patterns, vegetation index (NDVI) and thermal image processing, geoecological and geourban factors in the City of Tefé - Amazonas, it was possible to confirm the existence of an Urban Climate, where we identified the differences existing thermal and hygrometric. By studying the temperature and relative humidity of the air in the city of Tefé, it was possible to notice its peculiarities and patterns associated with the use and occupation of the city's soil.