O uso da terra e a vulnerabilidade ambiental na bacia hidrográfica do rio Sanabani no município de Silves - AM

Abstract

The search for sustainable development has led hydrographic basins to become an important study unit, related to the use, occupation and conservation of their natural resources, as there are social and ecological relationships with this environment. Water resources are included as the most diverse pressures caused by high demand associated with population growth, industrialization and food production. The present research had as general objective to analyze the influence of the use of the land in the environmental vulnerability in the Hydrographic Basin of the river Sanabani in the Municipality of Silves-AM. The specific objectives were mapped for land use and vegetation cover from a time perspective referring to the years 1985, 1989, 1999, 2009 and 2019, to map the Areas of Permanent Preservation and incompatibility, and to establish an Environmental Vulnerability scale, based on the interrelationship of physical-environmental attributes and land use. The methodology used to achieve these objectives uses the Geographic Information System (GIS) environment through the QGIS and SPRING software. Regarding environmental vulnerability, the methodology is based on the proposal by Crepani et. al. (2001), developed from the concept of Ecodynamics (TRICART, 1977). The temporospatial analysis of land use and vegetation cover in the Sanabani river basin, caused the reduction of primary vegetation where in 1985 it was 92%, to current 87% in 2019. Permanent Preservation Areas have 22% of the total area of the basin, and are mostly delayed, in spring areas considering the radius of 50 meters of vegetation in their surroundings. The areas of incompatibility represent only 1% of the total areas of APPs, do not raise according to what is provided by law (forest code) due to the legally reserved space for environmental protection. The environmental Vulnerability indexes achieved show that the Weak and Moderate Vulnerability classes together represent a total of 98% of the basin, that is, a predominance in all administration, taken from a morphodynamic category from stable to intermediate (intergrades)