Influência da sazonalidade e do modo de coleta na diversidade de fungos decompositores de madeira submersa de ambientes aquáticos da Região Amazônica

Abstract

Despite the great ecological importance, little is known about freshwater fungi in the Amazon region. The overall objective of this thesis was to investigate the influence of seasonality and collection mode in the diversity of fungal decomposers of submerged wood in aquatic environments in the Amazon region. This thesis has three chapters: a) The first chapter was to compare the biodiversity of the fungal community during non-rainy and rainy season in a small lake of black water in the Amazon, Brazil; b) The second chapter proposed to establish the phylogenetic position of Longicollum biappendiculatum and perform a micromorphological analysis of new single individuals in the Brazilian Amazon and c) The third chapter aimed to describe the diversity of fungi present in wood samples of a lotic environment in the Amazon and evaluate the methodology "bait timber" was suitable as a methodology for sampling. To compare the biodiversity of the lentic environment in rainy and not rainy season the Amazon (Chapter I) was conducted to study the diversity of fungal a total of four wooden collections submerged in a period of one year (May, August and November 2013 and February 2014). For the phylogenetic position of L. biappendiculatum (Chapter II) analyzes were performed morphological and phylogenetic taxonomy. Finally, to review the methodology "bait timber" (Chapter III) was investigated fungal range of 30 wood fragments naturally decomposition and compared to 30 Wood baits (wood fragments purposely placed decaying over 6 months). As for the results of the comparison of biodiversity to the still water environment in the two seasons of the Amazon (Chapter I), it was observed that in the woods collected from the investigated lentic environment existed a wealth of balanced fungal biodiversity in the ecosystem of black water, and the rainy season has a higher number of taxa (increase caused by large number of mitosporic fungi). As for the phylogenetic positionamento of L. biappendiculatum (Chapter II), phylogenetic analysis applied showed that this taxon is part of the strict sense Annulatascaceae family. The application of the methodology "bait timber" to investigate the diversity of a lotic environment of our region (Chapter III), it was concluded that in lotic investigated showed high diversity fungal the collected woods and the method of "bait timber", the experimental conditions, it was not appropriate to describe this diversity.