Estudo de phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) do município de Lábrea, estado do Amazonas

Abstract

Insects from the subfamily Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) are of medical interest because they are vectors of protozoa of the genus Leishmania transmitted when the insect feeds. Approximately 500 species are known in the Americas and 133 registered in the state of Amazonas. Caused by different species of Leishmania, cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) affects humans and other animals, affecting skin and mucosa. This work is part of the project " Condições de vida e saúde de populações indígenas na Amazônia", PRONEX, which has an interdisciplinary approach to study eco-epidemiological and anthropological aspects of leishmaniasis in the Middle Purus, funded FAPEAM / CNPq, and is in progress in the municipality of Lábrea, where there are records of cases and suspected underreporting. Therefore, it was thought appropriate to the study sand flies of the municipality as a contribution to the knowledge of the epidemiology of ACL. The aim of this study was to investigate the entomological aspects related to the epidemiology of ACL in an indigenous area of the municipality of Lábrea. The collection of sand flies was carried out in February 2012 in the Aldeia Castanheira, Indian Reserve Caititú, municipality of Lábrea using light traps. After identification of insects, we performed detection and identification of Leishmania present in the collected sand flies using a molecular approach. A total of 1,267 sandflies was collected, 819 (64.6%) females and 448 (35.4%) males, distributed in 10 genera and 32 species. The most abundant genera were Psychodopygus, Nyssomyia and Trichophoromyia, the species Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis was the most abundant with 235 (18.5%) specimens, followed by Psychodopygus davisi with 228 (18%) and Nyssomyia antunesi with 135 (10.7%) individuals. The presence of Leishmania was detected in six species: Sciopemyia servulolimai, Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis, Evandromyia apurinan, Nyssomyia umbratilis, Nyssomyia yuilli yuilli, Psychodopygus davisi, the estimated minimum infection rate was 0.84%.The Leishmania species were: Leishmania (L.) amazonensis, Leishmania (V.) braziliensis and a sample identified only to the level of subgenus Leishmania (Viannia) sp. The Leishmania infection detected in vector species / suspected vectors found in this work, suggests the involvement of these species in the transmission cycle of leishmaniasis in the municipality. Future investigations should be made to help elucidate the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the municipality of Lábrea as well as the state of Amazonas.