Identificação do uso e cobertura do solo e das áreas de preservação permanente do setor de expansão do Distrito Industrial de Manaus, por meio de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e de Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG)

Abstract

The Industrial District that appeared with the creation of the Supervision of the Zona Franca of Manaus - SUFRAMA, exactly possessing a planning with an daily pay-established Managing Plan, is concern reason how much its occupation mainly in relation to the Ambient Legislation of the country. The Industrial district meets busy total, however, the sector of expansion of the Industrial District, that is contiguous to District 1 and of it being part, meets in occupation phase. With the objective to verify if this occupation take care of to the one that establish the Environmental Laws, was found for good to proceed this study. To reach established objectives how much to the identification of the use and covering of the ground and the areas of permanent preservation with the use of techniques of remote sensorial and systems of geographic information, several techniques had been used. The principle had been used the images of satellite CBERS-CCD, acquired of the INPE, that first was having as base the letters of limit, water courses and arruaments of the District. Later, in the composed image for the bands, 3, 4 and 2 of satellite CBERS, identified areas of training, whose use and occupation if had knowledge what it made possible use of classifying algorithms PJPED, MINDIST and MAXLIKE, existing in software IDRISI Kilimanjaro. Later, after analysis of the gotten thematic maps, if concluded that the classifier that better inspiration the studied region was the MAXLIKE. To the map acquired for this method, it became junction of other information on the area, as busy lots for companies and of the lot destined to a unit of ambient conservation, resulting in the thematic map of use and covering of the ground, of which if it can get as resulted that 50.42% of its area are busy for Dense Forest; 4,07% for constructions; 12,12% are atrophic area; 31,36% are vegetation of regeneration and 2.03% for irregular occupation. To follow, with the use of existing resources in software ArcView and IDRISI Kilimanjaro some procedures in the letters of level curves and courses of water, what it allowed to get maps in which if can conclude that, how much to the rise of the land in study had been executed, do not have no area with superior declivity 45%, that they would be the areas with use restriction on the basis of the Ambient Legislation. How much to the Thematic Map of Permanent Preservation in relation to the water course that resulted in use conflicts, it allowed to identify that for the total area of 5.760 it has the area of 97,82 only has possess use conflicts. After this results concluded that image used in this studies, with resolution space of 20 meters, that resulted in the Map of Use and Covering of the Ground, Map of Preservation and Map of Conflicts of Use made possible to get of form satisfactory resulted that they are the same with that was verified one in the place, that the area with use conflicts is minimum in relation to the total size of the area of the Expansion of the DI and that, for sectors that they possess planning for air occupation that they are on its responsibility, as it is the case of the area of studies, is perfectly viable that the occupation if gives in perfect accord with the Ambient Legislation in vigor and that the Suframa makes use of resources that allow to monitor the occupation of the Sector of Expansion of the DI, will be able to remain promoting the regional development with the preservation of the nature.