Variação morfossintática na Zona Leste de Manaus: um estudo Geossociolinguístico

Abstract

Manaus is a northern city open to receiving migrants from different socio-cultural realities interacting with local reality. In this interaction, the language can not pass unscathed, consequently, in several areas of this cosmopolitan metropolis are registered linguistic variants resulting from the interrelation between the speakers. Based on these assumptions, and considering the theoretical and methodological assumptions of Pluridimensional Geolinguistics and Sociolinguistics, the present study about the morphosyntactic variation in the East Zone of Manaus aimed to map the trends of morphosyntactic variation of speech in the urban area of Manaus by: a) to describe the morphosyntactic uses of the Portuguese spoken in Manaus in the diatopic, diatopic-kinetic, diagenerational, diassexual and diaphasic dimensions; b) identify linguistic and extralinguistic factors of the morphosyntactic conditioners in the speech held in Manaus; c) to record in the form of Language Letters, the morphosyntactic geolinguistic variants of the Portuguese language spoken in the urban area of Manaus for the following dependent variables: gender, pluralization, verbal inflection, concordance syntax, degree of adjectives and use of pronouns; d) establish the use rule for the morphosyntactic variant of each variable by neighborhood and zone. This qualitative-quantitative research is based on a geossociolinguistic study, by the characterization and description of macro trends in the mono, bi, tri and multidimensional spaces in the Manuara language, with data collected in loco through a Morphosyntactic Questionnaire (QMS) applied in points in two districts of Manaus. Thus, the study describes the morphosyntactic uses of the language spoken in Manaus, working on the horizontal axis (diatopic: neighborhoods of the eastern zone of Manaus, diatopoietic kinetics: old and new inhabitant) and vertical with two age groups - 18 to 33 years and 50 to 65 years -, sex and situation of use of the Portuguese language (diagenerational, diassexual and diaphasic respectively), and indicates, with the analysis of the occurrence of variables in the points surveyed, the prestigious norm in the East Zone of Manaus. As a theoretical framework, it is based on linguistic, geolinguistic and sociolinguistic studies (CRUZ, 2004, AZEVEDO, 2013, MARGOTTI, 2004, CHAMBERS and TRUDGILL, 1994, CARDOSO, 2010, SAUSSURE (1916 [1995]), CALVET, (2002); WEINREICH, LABOV and HERZOG, 2006; SAUTCHUK, 2010, among others) for the reflections on the guiding axes of the research: Dialetologia e Sociolinguística; Morphosyntax and Variation; Language and Culture. As a result, the standard of use of the East Zone of Manaus is presented: i) to verbal inflection: the use of the subjunctive when being replaced by forms of the indicative; the bending of irregular shapes follows the paradigm of regular forms or is replaced by alternative forms; ii) nominal bending: number can be influenced by phonological factors; the gender bending of names is influenced by the determinant of the name or by extralinguistic factors, such as the sex of being; and, iii) nominal or verbal agreement: tend to pluralize a single constituent, and now the determinant is the nucleus. The results of this study may serve to understand the present speech among the manauaras, as well as to use, according to the social environment in which it is inserted or the communicative intention, the most adequate variant, thus avoiding cases of linguistic prejudice.