Agroecossistemas amazônicos: o valor das florestas

Abstract

Strategies for a leisure time of two family farmers of the „Boa Esperança‟ Community, located in the municipality of Autazes/AM, was the central objective of this study. For that, we carry out analyzes on the environmental system of the areas of use, in their „eco-bio-sociocultural‟ aspects. The concepts of common goods, Amazon agroecosystems, environmental conservation, value and 'self-organization' were theoretical references for understanding strategic conservation actions. In order to do so, we used the case study with the use of multiple instruments for data and information collection, based on epistemology as the dialectical paradigm of systemic complexity. Informal interviews, with a previous itinerary and life histories, ethnobiological inventories, cultural trails and geographic mapping were used, in addition to the systematic observation of the environmental system of the areas of use pointed out by the research subjects, during December 2014 to February 2018. The analyzes indicated that the way of life of Amazonian societies, as well as the „Boa Esperança‟ community, is closely linked to agroecosystems where agricultural crops are practiced, flora and fauna extractives, fishing, animal husbandry, preponderant for environmental sustainability in these areas. Survival activities, conservation of inter- and intraspecific agrobiodiversity and forms of income generation allow the maintenance of a large part of the natural vegetation cover through the management of native and cultivated plants. By developing management techniques and procedures using species and transforming landscapes according to needs, farmers promote conservation and environmental sustainability. By recognizing, sharing and transmitting knowledge about common goods, families establish another economy, which guarantees the management of abundance rather than scarcity. As strategies of resistance in the maintenance of their productive units, farmers have sought to develop diverse activities, generating non-monetary and monetary income, characterizing the pluriactivity, in the sense of, between states of order and disorder triggered by economic, social and environmental interferences, to continuously promote cultural reconstruction. Thus, the analyzes of landscape transformations and conservation strategies evidenced in this thesis bring important information on environmental conservation, especially a better understanding of the utilitarian value of common goods and how the multiple uses of these goods confer the true value of the forest in the Amazon, proposing a new look at the Amazonian economic system, inserting the emergence of ethnoeconomics of the human populations and Amazonian peoples