A comunicação e as práticas educativas parentais na interação com os filhos

Abstract

The emergent situations of society bring the need to learn new knowledge to face the challenges and, to deal with these demands, the child needs to develop an increasingly elaborate repertoire of social and emotional skills, constituting a protective factor in childhood against various indicators of harmful behavior. Communication between parents and children indicates how dialogue is characterized in family interaction, which contributes to the learning of new behaviors, through parenting practices. This research aimed to analyze the relationships of family interaction in the exercise of parenting in the communication dimension. Biological and / or adoptive parents participated (n = 157), 80.3% (n = 126) of mothers and 19.7% (n = 31) of parents, with children between 7 and 11 years old. The instruments used were: Quality Scales in Family Interaction (EQIF) and Sociodemographic Questionnaire made available on Google Forms online platform. The Involvement dimension concentrated most parents in the high percentile (P60≥40.0), 55.4% (n = 87). In the Rules and Monitoring dimension, the high percentile (P60 ≥20.0) prevailed, observed in 66.9% (n = 105) of parents. In the Positive Communication of the children, the parents classified in the high percentile (P60 ≥14.8) reached 40.1% (n = 63), followed by the low percentile (P40≤12.0), 32.5% (n = 51 ). In the Positive Conjugal Climate dimension, the classifications for high (P60 ≥21.8) and low percentile (P40≤19.0), were very close to the Parental Model dimension (P60 ≥14.0), 49.7% ( n = 78). For the Children Sentiment dimension, the highest concentration of the sample occurred in the classification of the low percentile (P40≤22.0), 43.9% (n = 69), followed by the high percentile (P60 ≥24.0), 40, 8% (n = 64). Regarding the risk factors, it was found that for the Physical Punishment dimension, 51.0% (n = 80) had a high percentile (P60≥5.0), followed by 28.0% (n = 44) of the sample that concentrated in the low percentile (P40 ≤3.0). In the Negative Communication dimension, the sample concentration occurred in the high percentile (P60≥11.0), 47.8% (n = 75), and in the low percentile (P40≤9.0), 43.9% (n = 69). In the dimension Negative Conjugal Climate, the classifications for the high percentile (P60 ≥8.0), 45.9% (n = 72) and low percentile (P40≤6.0), 45.2% (n = 71). The results show the dimensions of the communication developed in the relationship between parents and children. We identified families in a situation of protection 21.0% (n = 33) of parents; 22.3% (n = 35) as at risk, which suggests interventions, in addition to increasing the possibilities of preventive development and socio-emotional skills. It is hoped that these data will also contribute to future research related to these constructs of socio-emotional skills.