Diversidade genética em progênies tipo dura de dendezeiro (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)

Abstract

The palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacd) is a palm of great potential for sustainable agricultural development in the Amazon region, bringing social benefits, economic and environmental. The availability of varieties with high productivity and better adapted to the conditions of cultivation has a fundamental role in sustainable development of culture in this sense, one can resort to the use of biotechnology to increase the efficiency improvement programs. Microsatellite markers are tools preferred by breeders, because they are multi-allelic, has codominantes expression and show Mendelian inheritance, facilitating genetic analysis. Knowledge of the distribution of genetic variability within and between populations of palm, through the use of molecular markers, provide information for the implementation of plans for use and conservation of genetic resources of this species. From the results of that work can get grants for improving the palm at Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, to provide the seed culture for the establishment of plantations with high productivity of oil. Samples were collected from 24 progenies of palm held at the Center for Experimental de palm the River Urubu (CERU) - Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, and 22 progenies from self and two crosses between full siblings. There is low genetic variability in the progenies, with an average of five alleles per loci and total diversity (HT) equal to 0.0774. Of the four loci studied the site mEgCIR0254 had set in all the progenies and progenies LM11592, LM11547, LM11732, LM12366, LM13533, LM12826, LM11591 and PO393612, were fixed in all loci. These data were expected, they are progenies from self or full brother. The observed heterozygosities (Ho) the whole plant were lower than expected heterozygosity (He) in all loci, suggesting strong excess of homozygotes, indicating existence of a process endogamic. As the palm is allogamy plant and the progeny are genetically relatives, and autofecundadas, it is expected that the effects of inbreeding interfere directly in the indices of heterozygosity, contributing to the uniformity of the progenies. The AMOVA detected 62.99% of total variation among the progenies and 37.01% within progenies. Contrary to what has been observed in plants allogamy either in natural populations or collections of germplasm, where the greatest variability has been found within populations / provenances than between them, this paper notes that most of the variation was retained among the progeny, that is to be expected, because 91.67% of these are from self.