Mapeamento e caracterização de sub-bacias na calha do Rio Solimões/Amazonas utilizando séries temporais MODIS como dinâmica a áreas inundáveis

Abstract

The study of flooding pulses, especially those that occur in the rivers of the Amazon region, has socioeconomic importance, given that many municipalities are allocated in their margins. Thus, the intent of the present study was to map the flooding areas in the channel of the Solimões/Amazonas river in the portion belonging to the state of Amazonas. The result was the mapping and quantification of the flooded areas in the channel of the Solimões/Amazonas River regarding the flood months of the temporal series from 2001 to 2012. Also as result was the validation of the rainfall data from the ECMWF global model using the rainfall data of 14 physical meteorological stations belonging to INMET, for a 10 year temporal series, from 2001 to 2013. Finally, it was possible to obtain the morphological characterization of the hydrographic sub-basins for 16 municipalities located in the channel of the Solimões/Amazonas River. Considering the limitations of the MODIS sensor with cloud interference, the mapping for the study area was done using 66 maps correspondent to the temporal series from 2001 to 2012. However, the area quantified as flooded does not represent the real flooded area for the channel of the Solimões/Amazonas River. Instead, it shows the capture of higher or lower incidence of clouds over the study targets. The ECMWF model presented positive and significant correlation for the 14 studied locations, and can be used as alternative for rainfall studies in regions with lower density of physical meteorological stations. The characterization of the sub-basins showed that, in general, they can be classified as large, with slow hydrological responses in the drainage process.