Guia prático das principais imobilizações ortopédicas utilizadas em pronto atendimento

Abstract

Background: The professional working in the interior of Amazonas needs quick, objective and easy access to a book that promotes a simple sequential presentation of the main forms of immobilization of the upper and lower limbs in order to perform it adequately, allowing the patient to be transported with relief of pain and without worsening of injuries to a referral hospital. Likewise, residents in Orthopedics and Traumatology Programs would benefit greatly with the access to an illustrated and self-explanatory book on the main orthopedic immobilizations used in the emergency room. General objective: To create an emergency immobilization book for orthopedic injuries in order to prevent complications. Specific objectives: To conduct an integrative literature review on the immobilization of orthopedic injuries; to analyze and select the literature to prepare the book; to describe and illustrate immobilization techniques. Method: An integrative literature review was employed based on the PICO strategy, with the guiding question "Is it possible to develop a book on immobilization of patients with orthopedic injuries?". The literature search was carried out in September 2018 by consulting SciELO, PubMed and Web of Science databases. After critical analysis of the included studies, important data were extracted in hierarchical order of methodological quality according to the AMSTAR scale. Results: The sample consisted of 27 references, of which 13 were descriptive studies, a prospective randomized study, a review study, a retrospective observational study and 11 text books, serving as the basis for the development of the book on the technique of orthopedic immobilizations. Conclusion: It was possible to elaborate a book on immobilizations in patients with orthopedic injuries mostly seen in the emergency room, offering subsidies about immobilization techniques, and avoiding the fearsome complications caused by an inadequate management.