Governança socioambiental local dos grandes projetos de mineração na Amazônia Ocidental brasileira

Abstract

Mining is a set of activities involving the research, discovery, measurement, extraction, processing, and transformation of mineral resources into products that are essential for all life on Earth. The catastrophic effects of the upstream tailings dam disruptions in open pit mines located in Mariana (2015) and Brumadinho (2019), indicate the existing weaknesses in the Brazilian mineral and environmental regulatory frameworks. Based on careful bibliographical, documentary and fieldwork research, two mega mining enterprises in the Amazonas were studied: the Pitinga mine, in the municipality of Presidente Figueiredo; and the Potash Project, which proposes to mine silvinite reserves, located in the municipalities of Autazes, Nova Olinda do Norte, Itacoatiara. With reflections on the Mineral and Environmental Regulatory Frameworks, the study discusses the structuring of the RE-GENERATION Matrix as a Term of Reference for the mining governance in the Amazon, seeking to guide public, private and NGOs entities for the construction, consolidation and / or strengthening of socio-environmental control mechanisms / indicators of the activity, since the mineral research phase to the period beyond the mine closure.